Countdown to Compliance: Mandatory Presale  
Notices for 2025 Annual Tax Sale
At 10:00 am on September 29, 2025, municipal tax collectors across British Columbia will conduct the statutorily mandated annual tax sale for 2025 (the "Annual Tax Sale").  Properties with delinquent property tax accounts, which are those with three years of unpaid property taxes, will be sold at the Annual Tax Sale. Our previous article "Notice This! Navigating Tax Sale Notice Requirements" provides several helpful tools and considerations related to providing notice of tax sales as required under section 657 of the Local Government Act ("Post-sale Notice"). Notably, the requirements related to Post-sale Notice remain the same and the previous article should be consulted in relation to providing Post-Sale Notice. Read the full article by Jessica Eastwood and Kyle Falk-Varcoe with SMS Law.

BC Sets New Five-year Housing Orders
for 10 More Municipalities
British Columbia has set new housing targets for a group of 10 more municipalities with the goal of meeting housing demands in the province.  The orders aim to boost housing supply by about 40,000 homes over the next five years, the Housing Ministry said in a news release Thursday [August 21]. The move marks the fourth group of communities in the expanded housing-targets program, and includes Burnaby, Coquitlam, Courtenay, the Township of Langley, Langford, Penticton, Pitt Meadows, Richmond, Squamish and Vernon. Read the BIV article.

BC Says It Will Strengthen Oversight of 
Municipal Governments
The BC government says it will consider mandatory codes of conduct for municipal governments after years of calls to strengthen the ad hoc approach that has long been criticized as ineffective. The province did not commit to a schedule for implementing mandatory codes or provide details on how they might be administered and enforced. It will discuss the subject with municipal staff and elected officials in the coming months and aims to have some kind of new measures in place before next year's municipal elections, a B.C. Ministry of Municipal Affairs spokesperson said in a statement on Tuesday [August 26]. Read the Vancouver Sun article.

Aboriginal Title in Metro Vancouver: "A Lot of Unfinished 
Business in This Province"
On August 7, 2025, the BC Supreme Court issued a long-awaited decision in Cowichan Tribes v. Canada (Attorney General), 2025 BCSC 1490. The case involved a claim by the Cowichan (Quw'utsun mustimuhw) for about 1,846 acres of Aboriginal title and fishing rights, both in the south arm of the Fraser River in Richmond. The Court sat for 513 days of trial – likely the longest trial in Canadian history – and the Court's decision consists of some 3,728 paragraphs over 863 pages. This case is unique in several respects. Perhaps most importantly, it is the first Aboriginal title claim decided in an urban context where the title area claimed includes lands held by private landowners in fee simple. Prior cases such as Tsilhqot'in Nation v. British Columbia, 2014 SCC 44, related to a more rural context and expressly excluded claims to private lands. In this case, the Court found that the Cowichan had successfully proved Aboriginal title to a portion of the claim area, in significant part relating to a former village site known as Tl'uqtinus on the south arm of the Fraser River on the southern shore of what is now known as Lulu Island (across from Tilbury Island). Read the full article by Paul Seaman, Sebastian Ennis-Brown and Elana Yamanouchi with Gowling WLG.

Update on Okanagan Falls and the Incorporation of a New Municipality
On March 22, 2025, the people of Okanagan Falls voted in favour of incorporating as a new municipality. This will be the first time in 15 years that a community of British Columbia establishes itself as a municipality complete with an elected government to represent the views of its residents. The next steps in this process include issuing the Letters Patent, which serve as the founding documents of an incorporated municipality. The Letters Patent will address aspects such as boundary of the municipality, size of council, official municipal name and incorporation date. Read the government news release.

Canadian Federal Government
Proposes Tax Amendments
On August 15, 2025, the Canadian federal government released several packages of draft legislation to implement various tax measures, update certain previously released draft legislation and make certain technical changes (August 2025 proposals). The August 2025 proposals include measures first announced in the 2024 federal budget (Budget 2024) and the 2024 Fall Economic Statement, as well as updated versions of draft legislation released in Budget 2024, on August 12, 2024 (August 2024 proposals) and earlier. The news release that accompanied the August 2025 proposals invites Canadians to make submissions with respect to the measures by September 12, 2025. The August 2025 proposals cover a wide variety of measures, many of which are addressed in this Update. Read the full article published by Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP.

BC Court of Appeal Denies Appeal of Ex-CEO Claiming 
He Is in 'Shareholder Purgatory'
The British Columbia Court of Appeal has dismissed a terminated chief executive officer's appeal of a ruling rejecting his petition to liquidate and dissolve certain companies under s. 324(1)(b) of BC's Business Corporations Act, 2002. In Castilloux v. Mitchell, 2025 BCCA 282, the appellant was a director and CEO of the respondent company, which was essentially family-owned and did not pay dividends. Read the full article by Bernise Carolino with Canadian Lawyer.

Canadian Securities Administrators 
Finalize New WKSI Rules
On August 28, 2025, the Canadian Securities Administrators (the CSA) published amendments to National Instrument 44-102 Shelf Distributions and other securities law instruments implementing a permanent expedited shelf prospectus regime (the WKSI Rules) for "well-known seasoned issuers" (WKSIs). The WKSI Rules will come into force on November 28, 2025, subject to receiving expected regulatory approvals. The WKSI Rules build upon the current WKSI pilot program (the Pilot Program) launched on January 4, 2022, that has been broadly adopted by eligible issuers since its introduction. There are a number of important differences between the WKSI Rules and the Pilot Program, which are described in this Update. Under the Pilot Program, issuers that meet the WKSI qualifications and satisfy certain conditions are allowed to file a final base shelf prospectus and obtain a receipt for that prospectus on an accelerated basis without first filing a preliminary base shelf prospectus. An issuer that meets the WKSI qualifications and conditions may also omit certain information from its base shelf prospectus, including the number and aggregate dollar amount of securities qualified under the base shelf prospectus, the plan of distribution, and a description of the securities being qualified for distribution other than as necessary to identify the types of securities qualified. Read the full article by Rosalind Hunter and Desmond Lee with Osler.

CRA Publishes New Policy Document Regarding
Information Gathering Powers
The Canada Revenue Agency (the "CRA") is granted significant powers to gather information from persons under the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the "ITA") and the Excise Tax Act (Canada) the ("ETA"), including the right to acquire and inspect documentation, enter premises, and question persons. The decision as to whether, and how, to exercise these powers is generally guided by CRA policy. The CRA's policy in respect of information gathering in the process of an audit has recently been updated. On July 25, 2025, the CRA published an internal communiqué (AD-25-04) providing updated guidance on the use of its information gathering powers during compliance activities (the "New Policy Document"). The New Policy Document replaces the previous CRA communiqué on the subject, last modified in 2019 (the "Previous Policy Document"). Read the full article by Elliott Simpson with Thorsteinssons LLP.

CSA Propose to Ban Chargebacks in Distributions of 
Investment Fund Securities
The Canadian Securities Administrators ("CSA") published for comment proposed amendments to National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations to prohibit the use of chargebacks in the distribution of securities of investment funds that are reporting issuers (the "Proposed Amendments"). The Proposed Amendments are intended to better align the interests of dealing representatives with those of their clients. Comments are due by September 24, 2025. Chargebacks involve a compensation practice in which a dealing representative is paid an upfront commission, fee or compensation (collectively, "compensation") by the dealer or another registered firm when a client purchases securities. If the client redeems all or part of their securities before the end of a fixed schedule determined by the dealer or other registered firm (the "chargeback period"), the dealing representative is required to pay back all or part of the compensation received. Read the full article by Darin R. Renton with Stikeman Elliott LLP.

Bill C-47: Mandatory Tax Disclosure Requirements for
Taxpayers, Promoters and Advisors 
Bill C-47, An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on March 28, 2023 (Bill C-47), received royal assent on June 22, 2023. Bill C-47 includes a major expansion of the mandatory disclosure rules for "reportable transactions" and the introduction of disclosure requirements for "notifiable transactions." These rules require reporting to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) of the reportable transaction within 90 days after the earlier of the date that the taxpayer is contractually obligated to enter the transaction and the date that the taxpayer enters into the transaction, and are applicable to transactions entered into after June 22, 2023. The rules are intended to provide the CRA with information to respond to tax risks, but will impose onerous administrative, analysis, and reporting requirements on taxpayers, promoters, and advisors. Read the full article by Richard Eisenbraun, Pamela L. Cross and Ali Abdulla with Borden Ladner Gervais LLP.

CSA Refine Proposed Dispute Resolution
Framework for Retail Client Complaints
The Canadian Securities Administrators ("CSA") published for comment a proposed approach to the oversight of an identified ombudservice that would have authority to make binding final decisions in response to retail client complaints, along with refinements to the framework that was initially proposed (the "Proposed Framework"). The Ombudsman for Banking Services and Investments ("OBSI") is still expected to be the identified ombudservice. Comments are due by September 15, 2025. As we discussed in a previous post, the CSA had first published the Proposed Framework in November 2023. The Proposed Framework was intended to provide fair and accessible dispute resolution as an alternative to litigation. According to the CSA, this would include addressing concerns about low settlements, which are enabled by the power imbalance between typical retail clients and firms. Under the Proposed Framework, OBSI would oversee a two-stage dispute resolution process. Stage 1 would carry forward OBSI's current investigative processes and result in a recommendation that would become final and binding if neither party objects. Should either party object, Stage 2 would allow for a review of the recommendation and result in a binding final decision. Read the full article published by Stikeman Elliott.

Updates to BC Sales Taxes
The following updates to sales taxes were recently posted:

Provincial sales tax (includes municipal and regional district tax)

• August 7, 2025
  Bulletin PST 106, Legal Services (PDF, 330KB), has been revised to:
  • Update terminology relating to Indigenous Peoples
  • Clarify what legal services are exempt from PST if purchased by an Aboriginal organization representing the interests of First Nations individuals and bands
  Bulletin PST 314, Exemptions for First Nations, is now web content. You can find the new page at PST on sales to First Nations. Please update your bookmarks to the new location on the website. This page has also been revised to:
  • Update terminology relating to Indigenous Peoples
  • Incorporate information on the reinstatement or continuation of the treaty tax exemption for eligible treaty beneficiaries
  • Clarify what legal services are exempt from PST if purchased by an Aboriginal organization representing the interests of First Nations individuals and bands
  • Clarify documentation requirements for exempt sales to First Nations individuals and bands, including that:
    • Sellers may retain a copy of their customer's status card, Temporary Confirmation of Registration Document (TCRD), or written authorization to act for a band, as an alternative to recording information from the card or written authorization
    • If an individual presents a valid status card or TCRD when purchasing an ongoing service (e.g. telecommunication services such as cell phone services), sellers do not need to ask for an updated status card or TCRD after it expires
  • Add information about goods purchased on out-of-province First Nations land
• August 18, 2025
  FIN 407, Provincial Sales Tax (PST) Schedule – Boats and Aircraft (PDF, 260KB) and FIN 491, Certificate of Exemption – Contractor (PDF, 210KB) have been revised to update terminology relating to Indigenous Peoples.
• August 20, 2025
  The following have been revised to update terminology relating to Indigenous Peoples:
  • Bulletin PST 202, School Supplies (PDF, 320KB)
  • Bulletin PST 400, PST Refunds (PDF, 470KB)
  • Glossary for real property contractors (PST)
  • PST exemptions
  • Telecommunication services
• August 22, 2025
  The Reporting and paying PST page has been updated to:
  • Clarify how reporting periods for voluntary registrants who plan to self-assess and pay PST regularly are determined
  • Clarify that your reporting period may be adjusted if the combined PST collectable and self-assessed PST you regularly report in a year changes after you register

Motor fuel tax and carbon tax

• August 8, 2025
  The following forms have been updated to reflect the elimination of carbon tax effective April 1, 2025:
  • FIN 108, Application for Refund of Carbon Tax – Purchaser of Fuel (PDF, 240KB)
  • FIN 110A, Application for Refund of Carbon Tax Greenhouse Growers – Purchaser (PDF, 210KB)
  • FIN 110B, Application for Refund of Carbon Tax Greenhouse Growers – Seller (Propane) (PDF, 210KB)
  • FIN 143, Application for Refund of Carbon Tax – Deputy Collector or Retail Dealer (PDF 290KB)
  • FIN 171, Application for Refund of Carbon Tax – Non-Registered Air or Marine (PDF 260KB)
  • FIN 262, Application for Registration as an Exempt Sale Retailer (ESRD) and/or as an Exempt Fuel Retailer (EFR) (PDF, 320KB)
  • FIN 458, Certificate of Exemption – Farmer (PDF, 220KB)
  FIN 412, Tax Return – Exempt Fuel Retailer (PDF, 290KB), and FIN 412, Instructions for Completing the Tax Return – Exempt Fuel Retailer (PDF, 220KB), have also been updated to reflect the elimination of carbon tax, effective April 1, 2025.

For more information, visit the BC government website.

BC Securities – Policies & Instruments
The following policies and instruments were recently published on the BCSC website:

• 44-102 – Adoption of Amendments to National Instrument 44-102 Shelf Distributions Relating to Well-Known Seasoned Issuers

For more information, visit the BC Securities website.

Court Case Highlights Dangers of Faulty Bear Bangers
and Importance of Expiry Date Awareness
A recent ruling from the Supreme Court of British Columbia has highlighted the serious risks posed by defective or expired bear bangers – pyrotechnic devices commonly used to deter wildlife in remote work environments.

In the case, the incident occurred while a worker was working alone in a remote area north of Fort St. John, BC. After spotting a bear nearby, they attempted to use a bear banger to scare it off. Instead of launching into the air, the device detonated immediately, causing injuries to their hand, legs, vision and most significantly, permanent hearing damage. The device, branded Star Blazer, had been discontinued years earlier due to known defects, yet remained available for purchase due to a failed recall process. Read the full article in the Forest Safety News September 2025 issue.

Could Canada Be Sued for a Lack of Climate Action?
A landmark advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice that clears the way for countries to sue each other over climate change could have ramifications for developed nations like Canada.

The Court, comprised of 15 judges from around the world, was officially asked by the United Nations to rule on countries' legal obligations under international law. Its 140-page unanimous ruling, released on July 23, said that states have an obligation to protect the environment and climate system from the harm done by greenhouse gas emissions and to act with due diligence and cooperation to fulfill it. That includes meeting commitments made under the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels. Read the full article by Holly Lake in the CBA National.

B.C. Sets Standard Method to Measure Forest Carbon
To address a recommendation from the auditor general, the Province has established a method for carbon modelling in timber supply reviews (TSRs).

In response to Recommendation 2 from the auditor general's report, Ministry of Forests: Calculating Forest Carbon Projections, the chief forester has approved a newly defined method for calculating forest carbon projections for use in TSR modelling to determine the allowable annual cut (AAC). Using the same defined method for every TSR will benefit people and organizations involved in forest management because it ensures transparency, consistency and credibility in forest carbon projections. Read the government news release.

Forestry Audit Scheduled for B.C. Licence for
Land Covering Spotted Owl Habitat
B.C.'s independent forestry oversight body says it will audit a logging licence for more than 1,000 square kilometres of land that encompasses critical habitat for the endangered northern spotted owl.

The Forest Practices Board says in a news release that the licence, jointly held by the Skatin, Samahquam and Xa'xtsa First Nations as well as Lizzie Bay Logging, covers an area about 50 kilometres southeast of Pemberton, B.C.

The board says the audit will begin on Aug. 25, and parties affected by the findings will have a chance to respond before the watchdog makes official recommendations to the province. Read the full Vancouver Sun article.

Environmental Appeal Board Decisions
The following Environmental Appeal Board decisions were made recently:

Environmental Management Act

• Canadian Natural Resources Limited v. Director, Environmental Management Act [Consent Order – Stay Extended]
• Revolution Resource Recovery Park Inc. v. Director, Environmental Management Act [Document Production Application Decision – Denied]
• Domtar Inc. v. Director, Environmental Management Act [Dismissal Order – Appeal Dismissed]
• British Columbia Used Oil Management Association v. Director, Environmental Management Act [Settlement Order – Approved]
• Peace River Coal Inc. v. Director, Environmental Management Act [Final Decision – Appeal Dismissed]
• Marnet Investments Ltd. v. Director, Environmental Management Act [Preliminary Application for Summary Dismissal – Appeal Dismissed]

Integrated Pest Management Act

• MKY Holdings Ltd. v. Administrator, Integrated Pest Management Act [Consent Order – Appeal Dismissed]

Water Sustainability Act

• Ɂakisq̓nuk First Nation v. Assistant Water Manager [Preliminary Decision – Appeal Placed in Abeyance]
• Gerry Inglis v. Assistant Water Manager [Dismissal Order – Appeal Dismissed]
• Dean Maxwell v. Assistant Water Manager [Final Decision – Granted in Part]

Wildlife Act

• Bradley Bowden v. Director of Fish and Wildlife, Ministry of Forests [Final Decision – Quota Decision Confirmed; Appeal Denied]

Visit the Environmental Appeal Board website for more information.

Forest Appeals Commission Decisions
The following Forest Appeals Commission decision was made recently:

Forest and Range Practices Act

• Crystal Lake Resort Ltd. v. Government of British Columbia [Final Decision – Determination Confirmed; Appeal Dismissed]

Visit the Forest Appeals Commission website for more information.

BC Nurse Suspended by College, Asked to Pay $94K in  
Costs for Comments about Transgender People
A BC nurse has been suspended and asked to pay nearly $94,000 in costs for making "discriminatory and derogatory statements" about transgender people. The B.C. College of Nurses and Midwives says a disciplinary panel has issued a decision against Amy Hamm, suspending her for one month while also ordering her to pay the college costs and disbursements within two years. The panel said in its verdict in March that Hamm committed professional misconduct for making statements across "various online platforms" between July 2018 and March 2021 that were partly designed "to elicit fear, contempt and outrage against members of the transgender community." The college says Hamm has filed an appeal of the discipline order in B.C. Supreme Court, and the decision on penalty and costs is stayed until that appeal has been resolved. Read the CBC article.

Speak Now to Be Heard Later: How Advance Directives
Protect Health Care Wishes During Incapacity
Advance planning is becoming an increasingly important priority for Canadians, especially in the context of estate and trust planning. An avenue that tends to get less attention is planning for health care decisions during one's lifetime. Giving effect to these decisions can become complicated (or impossible) when an individual loses the capacity to understand the consequences of their choices.

Advance Directives
An advance directive is a legal document that outlines one's health care wishes in the event that they lose the required mental capacity to consent to treatment. It allows individuals to outline decisions in advance, either consenting to or refusing particular care. Having this document in place is especially important for those with strong preferences about interventions such as tube feeding or life-sustaining machines. While individuals with terminal illnesses may view advance directives as a priority, they are often prepared by healthy individuals who simply want to maintain autonomy over their choices.

Read the full article by Tatum Sabourin and Zachary Murphy-Rogers with Clark Wilson LLP.

Province Provides First report on Community-based 
Primary Care Services
As part of the Cooperation and Responsible Government Accord 2025, the Province and BC Green caucus have released the first of two reports outlining key findings from their assessment of BC's primary care system. This first report provides an overview of investments in B.C.'s primary care system since the launch of the Primary Care Strategy in 2018. It highlights significant actions taken to expand primary care capacity and accessibility. Since 2018, nearly 750,000 people in British Columbia have become newly attached to a primary care provider. As of June 2025, 76% of people in B.C. have a longitudinal primary care provider. Read the full government news release.

Canadian Medical Associations 'Relieved' as School 
Accreditation Splits from U.S.
Canadian medical associations are marking the first school year of a new accreditation system for medical schools that is fully separate from the United States. A news release from the Canadian Medical Association said that, as of July, medical schools in the country are no longer jointly accredited by Canadian and American bodies. It said leaders at the CMA and the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada are "relieved" and medical schools are now being assessed "solely according to Canadian standards." Read the BIV article.

B.C. Court of Appeal Dismisses Appeals Challenging
Provincial Mink Farming Ban
The British Columbia Court of Appeal has dismissed appeals in a case related to a provincial regulation banning mink farming, finding the order in council was not ultra vires even if it was influenced by interest groups. In C&A Mink Ranch Ltd. v. British Columbia (Ministry of Agriculture and Food), 2025 BCCA 272, the appeals arose from orders "dismissing a series of substantially identical actions" that alleged misfeasance in public office and a constructive taking. Regulatory changes were made to the Animal Health Act that rendered mink farming illegal in British Columbia. The Lieutenant Governor in Council amended the Fur Farm Regulation, which put mink farmers out of business. The process began in November 2021 for total prohibition of mink farming by April 2025. Read the full article by Anosha Khan with Law360 Canada.

Fixed-Term Employees Have a Duty
to Mitigate, at Least in BC
In employment law, the duty to mitigate is a cornerstone principle: when an employee is wrongfully dismissed, they must make reasonable efforts to find new work to reduce their damages. But what happens when a fixed-term contract is terminated before the job begins?

The British Columbia Court of Appeal dealt with this question in Mac's Convenience Stores Inc. v. Basyal, 2025 BCCA 284 (Basyal) and reshaped how British Columbia views mitigation in the context of fixed-term employment. Specifically, the court clarified that fixed-term contract employees have a duty to mitigate if their contract is terminated early. Read the full article by Katy E. Allen and Tristan Kimball with Lawson Lundell.

Needle-less Dispute? BC Court Finds That Unpaid Leave Due to
Non-Compliance Did Not Amount to Constructive Dismissal
The COVID-19 litigation lag continues to play out in Canadian courts; and employers are starting to get some clarity on some of the key workplace issues that arose during the pandemic.

In Clark v. City of Prince George, 2025 BCSC 812, the Supreme Court of British Columbia recently dismissed a wrongful dismissal claim brought by a long-time employee who was placed on unpaid leave for refusing to comply with the City's COVID-19 vaccination policy.

This decision reinforces the ability of employers to implement health and safety measures under implied contractual terms of employment and highlights the legal distinction between disciplinary and administrative actions in the employment context. Read the full article by Gary T. Clarke and Aiden Raff with Stikeman Elliott LLP.

No Binding Settlement Due to Tax Tricks
In Brink v. Xos Services (Canada), Inc. [2025 BCSC 658], the B.C. Supreme Court considered an application for summary judgment to enforce a settlement. The court dismissed the application of the plaintiff, Ms. Brink. Guided by the legal principles set out in the case of Fieguth, the court determined that the "tax treatment" sought by Ms. Brink was not an agreed-upon term, and therefore, the settlement agreement was not binding.

Ms. Brink was employed as Chief Revenue Officer of the defendants' companies (collectively "EMV"). Upon the conclusion of her employment with EMV, the parties entered negotiations regarding a settlement of her claim for compensation. Read the full article by Scott J. Marcinkow with Harper Grey.

Employers and Beyond: Human Rights and Accommodation Obligations
May Extend to Site Owners, Contractors and Other Third Parties
In MacKay v. Civeo Corporation and another, 2024 BCHRT 271, the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal (the "Tribunal") reaffirmed the principle that human rights protections in employment contexts extend beyond the employer-employee relationship. This decision is a recent application of the Supreme Court of Canada's landmark decision in British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal v. Schrenk, 2017 SCC 62 ("Schrenk"), and offers important guidance for site owners, contractors, and lodge providers engaging with third-party workers.

The Complainant was a fly-in/fly-out worker on the LNG Canada Project (the "Project"). His employer was a subcontractor of LNG Canada and arranged housing for its employees at a lodge operated by Civeo Corporation ("Civeo"). Following a canine search, cannabis was discovered in the Complainant's room – contrary to Civeo's lodge rules. Neither the Complainant nor his employer had informed Civeo that he required an exemption from those rules. Civeo notified his employer, and issued a lodge ban. JGC Fluor BC LNG JV ("JFJV") removed the Complainant's security access to the Project and put him on a no-access list. Read the full article by Justina Sebastiampillai and Rachel Kardal with Stikeman Elliott LLP.

After Air Canada Strike, Section 107 of Labour
Code Is 'Dead,' Says Union Leader
A rare show of defiance by Air Canada flight attendants in the face of a back-to-work order from the government has proven the ineffectiveness of the section of Canada's labour code that allows a minister to order the end to a strike or lockout, the president of the Canadian Labour Congress said.

On Aug. 16, just hours after flight attendants hit the picket line after failing to reach a new contract deal with the airline, Jobs Minister Patty Hajdu invoked Section 107 of the Canada Labour Code to order binding arbitration and get the flight attendants back on the job. The section grants the minister the power to act to "maintain or secure industrial peace."

Flight attendants ignored the order and remained on strike until a deal was finally reached early Tuesday, a move Canadian Labour Congress president Bea Bruske lauded as effective. Read the BIV article.

Howard Levitt: Workplaces Are in a State of Flux.
Here's How to Weather the Uncertainty
Canadians have dragged themselves back from summer cottages, wilderness campgrounds or Tuscan Airbnbs to something far less relaxing: workplaces in flux.

Across the country, strikes are brewing, insolvencies multiplying and acquisitions are swallowing companies whole. Even where the headlines are not dramatic, managers are being shuffled like a deck of cards.

For employees, that means uncertainty. For employers, it means risk. And for lawyers like us, it often means business is picking up.

First, let's draw a line. A "change of control" occurs when ownership itself changes hands (as when Indigo Books & Music Inc. was bought, for example). That's when contracts with "change of control" severance provisions or golden parachutes suddenly become worth their weight in, well, gold. Employees in those scenarios should be calling their lawyers before signing a single new agreement.

A change in management is different – and ubiquitous. This is when a company reshuffles internally, moving a new or existing executive into the corner office. Your old boss is gone; a new one is installed. In these instances, there is no inherent entitlement to severance, but there is fertile ground for legal mistakes – and costly ones. Read the Financial Post article.

Talks Seek Ways to Restart Negotiations with
B.C. Government Workers: Minister
As thousands of British Columbia government workers hit the picket lines Tuesday, the province's finance minister said there had been communication with the union to convince its team to come back to the bargaining table.

Brenda Bailey said representatives from the province and B.C. Government Employees' Union were meeting to "explore opportunities" to get back to talks to reach a new collective agreement under its so-called balanced measures mandate.

But the head of the union said it was "unacceptable" that the government wanted them back at the table without bringing an improved wage offer. Read the BIV article.

Change of Mind After Refusing Roadside Approved
Screening Device ["ASD"] Demand
Can an individual request the opportunity to provide an approved screening device ["ASD"] sample at a police station or at a later time after having refused to comply with a roadside ASD demand?

Individuals can change their mind about complying with an ASD demand after an initial refusal if their reconsideration is part of the "same transaction" as their refusal. If an individual requests the opportunity to provide a sample as part of the same transaction as their refusal, the actus reus of the refusal offence cannot be established.

The length of time of such a transaction is context dependent but it is the same time window during which a police officer can lawfully compel a breath sample as set out by the statutory immediacy requirement. The statutory immediacy requirement sets out that an ASD must be provided immediately, subject to the operational time it takes an officer to ready the equipment and instruct the suspect. Read the full article by David McKnight and Naomi Krueger with Alexander Holburn Beaudin + Lang LLP.

Vancouver Man Gets New Trial After Judge's
Past Skateboard Collisions Revealed
A Vancouver man ticketed for riding a one-wheel electric skateboard without insurance has had his conviction overturned after the B.C. Supreme Court found the original judge had carried out a "miscarriage of justice."

Michael Justin Advincula had been riding his skateboard along West Waterfront Road in Vancouver when a police officer ticketed him. He disputed the case, but after a brief trial, lost and was ordered by the traffic court judge to pay a $568 fine.

Advincula appealed his conviction to the B.C. Supreme Court on two fronts: procedural fairness, arguing bias, and the inherent unfairness of being ticketed for an uninsured device when insurance is impossible to obtain. Read the BIV article.

Canadian Drone Operators Face New Rules Under
Transport Canada's Phase 1 Reform
On April 1, 2025, Transport Canada, the federal department responsible for Canada's transportation systems, enacted changes to its existing regulations governing drones or "remotely piloted aircraft systems" (RPAS). These amendments mark the implementation of Phase 1 of Transport Canada's two-phase plan to overhaul and modernize drone operation nation-wide, with Phase 2 scheduled to take effect on November 4, 2025.

Previously, drone operations in Canada were largely restricted to within visual line-of-sight unless operators obtained a Special Flight Operations Certificate (SFOC). Qualified operators who sought to fly beyond their visual line-of-sight (BVLOS) were required to apply for case-by-case authorization: a lengthy process typically involving mountains of paperwork. In an industry where technology frequently outpaces regulation, the absence of a streamlined pathway for routine advanced operations has been a long-held concern among stakeholders, which Transport Canada now seeks to address. Read the full article by Anika Garlick with Alexander Holburn Beaudin + Lang LLP.

As Incentives Vanish, B.C. Interest in Zero-Emission
EV Mandate Wanes, Poll Finds
As sales of electric vehicles have waned in B.C., the pressure is increasing for the province to ease up on sales mandates in its Zero-Emissions Vehicles Act.

The first threshold in moving B.C. toward EV adoption, that 26 per cent of new light vehicle sales be zero-emission, kicks in in 2026 and as 2026 models have started arriving at dealerships, new polling shows that British Columbians are starting to disapprove. Read the Vancouver Sun article.

CVSE Bulletins & Notices
The following documents were posted recently by CVSE:

• CVSE1052 – District Authorizations & Notifications for Very Large Loads
  • List of Contacts for Use with Form CVSE1052
  • Information for Authorities Signing the CVSE1052
• Notice 05-2025 – Amendments to Division 25 of the Motor Vehicle Act Regulations
• CT Notice 03-25 – Height Clearance Tool Replacement
• Commercial Transport Procedures Manual – Updates to Section 3.9 of Chapter 3 for the Commercial Transport Procedures Manual now available
• NSC Bulletin 02-2023 – Publication of Carriers Cancelled for Cause
• NSC Bulletin 01-2024 – Safety Rating Certificate and Status for B.C. Carriers
• CVSE1000 – General Permit Conditions to 4.4 m OAW
  (Guide to Using the CVSE1000)
  • Category A: Term & Single Trip Permits to 3.2 m Wide*
  • Category B: Term & Single Trip Permits to 3.8 m Wide*
  • Category C: Single Trip Permits to 4.4 m Wide*
  *See form for height and length limits

For more information on these and other items, visit the CVSE website.

Passenger Transportation Board Bulletins
The following updates were recently published by the BC Passenger Transportation Board:

Applications Received

• 22930-25 – Transfer from V.I.G. Ventures Ltd. to Avante Ventures Ltd.
• 21719-24 – Prestige Party Busses

Application Decisions

• 22327-25 – Smart Ride Transportation Inc. [Approved in Part]
• 22747-25 – Gill Limousine Ltd. [Approved in Part]
• 21101-24 – Pacific Western Charters Ltd. (Ebus, Red Arrow) [Approved]
• 21953-24 – Kami Cabs Ltd. [Approved in Part]
• 22116-24 – Anjum Shakila Jaji [Approved]
• 22499-25 – Lower Mainland Holdings Ltd. (Kavanagh's Limousine Service, Kavanagh's Limousine) [Approved]
• 19893-24 ICB – URAY Transportation Inc. (Rider Express) [Refused]
• 21596-24 – Atlas Blackcar Service Inc. [Refused]
• 22816-25 – Cobble Hill Taxi 2016 Ltd. [Approved]
• 21890-24 – Dara's Dolphins Transportation Services Ltd. [Approved]
• 22051-24 – Western Educational Adventures Incorporated [Approved]
• 22442-25 – JGRS Staffing Ltd. (7 Horses Transport Solutions) [Refused]
• 22804-25 – Harbinder Singh (Bluebird Cabs) [Approved]

Visit the Passenger Transportation Board website for more information.

Legal Hurdles of Safety Harmonization 
As Canada moves closer to a historic national safety harmonization, legal experts are urging employers and safety leaders to prepare for sweeping changes that could finally end decades of regulatory confusion—but not without significant challenges along the way. Matthew Badrov, a partner at Littler LLP specializing in management-side labour and employment law with a focus on occupational health and safety, says the push to harmonize workplace safety regulations across provinces is a big challenge that could have a profound impact on employers, especially those operating in multiple jurisdictions. Read the full article by Shane Mercer with Canadian Occupational Safety Magazine.

Federal Appeals Court Backs BC Longshoreman
Who Refused Unsafe Work
In a unanimous decision, the court upheld a BC port worker's right to refuse unsafe work, ruling he was wrongfully disciplined by his employer. Canada's Federal Court of Appeal has upheld a ruling that sided with a BC port worker who was disciplined for refusing to operate a forklift because he claimed it would violate safety regulations. The case dates back to Dec. 6, 2022, when Nenad Habus, a longshoreman and first-aid attendant for Pacific Coast Terminals Co. (PCT) in Port Moody, BC, raised concerns that two pallets of lubricants were in a location that could hurt someone. Habus was told to get in a forklift and move the pallets. The worker refused to operate the machinery. He told his foreman and manager that doing so would take him too far from his first-aid station and therefore endanger other workers. Read the full BIV article.

2025 New or Revised ACGIH Threshold Limit 
Values and BC Exposure Limits (June)
from WorkSafeBC:
The Occupational Health and Safety Regulation provides that, except as otherwise determined by WorkSafeBC, an employer must ensure no worker is exposed to a substance exceeding the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) prescribed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Twice a year, the ACGIH publishes a list of substances for which they have set new or revised TLVs. When WorkSafeBC adopts the new or revised ACGIH TLVs as regulatory exposure limits for chemical substances, these exposure limits are referred to as BC Exposure Limits (ELs).

Consultation on Proposed Amendments to Part 6 of the
Occupational Health and Safety Regulation
from WorkSafeBC:
Our Policy, Regulation and Research Department is requesting feedback on proposed amendments to the following sections in the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation:

• Part 6, Substance Specific Requirements, sections 6.116 to 6.132 — Toxic Process Gases
• Section 24.100 — Ozone generators (Fishing Operations)
• Section 28.13 — Anhydrous ammonia (Agriculture)

The consultation phase gives stakeholders an opportunity to provide feedback before the proposed amendments are taken to public hearing. All stakeholder feedback is carefully considered and analyzed, and provided to WorkSafeBC's Board of Directors as part of their decision-making process.

Island Heath's Fatigue Management Policy Raises Concerns
Union leaders are raising concerns that a new fatigue management policy at Island Health is worsening staffing shortages and contributing to burnout among health-care workers, according to a report. The policy, introduced this spring, limits employees to working fewer than 16 hours in a 24-hour period and restricts the number of consecutive days staff can work, CBC reports. Read the full article by Jim Wilson with Canadian Occupational Safety.

Many BC Hospital Security Guards Facing
Unsafe Work Environments
Hospital security guards in British Columbia are being injured on the job at an alarming rate, according to a recent report. WorkSafeBC accepted nearly 170 injury claims from hospital security guards in 2024, meaning guards are being hurt almost every other day across the province, reported CBC. The highest number of accepted claims came from Fraser Health, with 50, and Providence Health, with 46. Interior Health reported 27 accepted claims, Vancouver Coastal Health had 22, and Island Health had 20. Read the full article by Jim Wilson with Canadian Occupational Safety.

OHS Policies/Guidelines – Updates

OHS Policies – Occupational Health and Safety Regulation
August 20, 2025
OHS Policy R5.48-1 has been amended (effective August 20, 2025) to reflect the current exposure limits for substances listed on the new or revised Threshold Limit Values for June 2025 from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

• R5.48-1 Controlling Exposure – Exposure Limits

Guidelines – Occupational Health and Safety Regulation
August 20, 2025

• Part 5 Chemical Agents and Biological Agents
  • Table of Exposure Limits for Chemical and Biological Substances
    The table has been updated to reflect changes to OHS Policy R5.48-1 (amended August 20, 2025). Deletions are shown as strikethrough; additions and revisions are highlighted in green.

New and revised guidelines are posted for a 60-day preliminary period, during which time the stakeholder community may comment and request revisions.

Editorial revisions were also made to the following guidelines:

• Part 8 – Safety Headgear
  G8.12/8.13 Use of safety headgear for workers on ATVs and similar equipment in agricultural operations
• Part 6 Forestry Operations and Similar Activities
  G26.11(3) High stem density of dangerous trees – Requesting approval

Visit the WorkSafeBC website to explore this and previous updates.

The Persistence of the Shimco Lien: Revisiting the Dual Lien Theory in
Light of Kingdom Langley Project Ltd. Partnership v WQC Mechanical Ltd.
A recent decision of the British Columbia Court of Appeal, Kingdom Langley Project Ltd. Partnership v WQC Mechanical Ltd. (Kingdom Langley) has reaffirmed the controversial interpretation of the holdback provisions of the Builders Lien Act (Act). The controversy emanates from the Court's earlier ruling in Shimco Metal Erectors Ltd. v North Vancouver (District) (Shimco), which recognized a distinct and independent lien against the statutory holdback, commonly referred to as the "Shimco lien". This recognition of a separate holdback lien has since raised questions about the coherence of the Act's overall structure and its implications on the construction industry. BCLI has contributed detailed commentary on the Builders Lien Act and has been a consistent critic of the Shimco lien. In its 2004 Report on Builders Liens after the Shimco Case and 2020 Report on the Builders Lien Act BCLI recommended that the Builders Lien Act be amended to abolish the Shimco lien – for reasons that  remain relevant, even as Kingdom Langley affirms the persistence of this dual lien theory. Read the full article by Ignacia Mendez with BCLI.

BC Court of Appeal Denies Airbnb's Bid to Pause 
Class Action Proceedings Pending Appeal
The British Columbia Court of Appeal has declined to pause proceedings in a class action lawsuit against Airbnb while the company appeals a lower court decision to certify the case. The lead plaintiff, Margot Ware, initiated the lawsuit in 2022 on behalf of consumers who used and paid for Airbnb's rental services. According to Ware's claim, Airbnb is not properly licensed to operate in Canada under legislation that regulates real estate, travel, and money services. In December, the BC Supreme Court certified the class action suit and dismissed an application by Airbnb and Airbnb Canada Inc. that argued the BC courts lack jurisdiction over them. Read the full article by Jessica Mach with Canadian Lawyer.

Annual Rent Increase Falls for Second 
Straight Year Capped at Inflation
More people will be able to stay in an affordable home near their jobs, schools and loved ones as the Province ties the annual allowable rent increase to inflation at 2.3% in 2026, down from 3% in 2025. This is the second year in a row that the maximum allowable increase is tied to the Consumer Price Index. In 2024, the Province capped rent increases at 3.5%, well below the increase to inflation of 5.6%. Prior to 2018, renters could face an additional 2% rent increase on top of inflation, costing the average BC family hundreds of dollars in additional rent. Read the full government news release.

Builders Lien Basics III: Work
Stipulated in a Lease Agreement
In the last instalment of "Builders Lien Basics" we discussed s. 3(1) of the Builders Lien Act, which provides that "an improvement done with the prior knowledge, but not at the request, of an owner is deemed to have been done at the request of the owner". As one result, a landlord's interest in their property may be subject to a lien arising from work done for their tenant with the landlord's knowledge. Section 3(1) does not apply where an owner files a notice of interest in the land title office, which states that the owner's interest will not be bound by a lien in respect of an improvement not undertaken at the express request of the owner. An interesting question arises from this feature of the legislation: if a lease agreement requires a tenant to have particular work carried out, or if it requires that the landlord approve work to be undertaken for the tenant's use, does that mean that the work is done at the landlord's express request? If so, would s. 3(1) of the Builders Lien Act apply, even though the landlord had filed a notice of interest on title? These questions have not been definitively answered in BC, but there is reason to think that the answer to both is "no". Read the full article by Aidan Andrews with Civic Legal LLP.

Another Day, another Dollar: Steep Financial Consequences for Landlords
Landlords Failing to Follow Through on their Move into a Rental Property
In British Columbia, most residential landlord and tenant matters are governed by the Residential Tenancy Act, S.B.C. 2002, c. 78 (the "RTA"). Over the years, the RTA has been amended to provide more protections to tenants faced with eviction from their landlord who wish to move into the rental property. At present, individual landlords wishing to move into their rental property may unilaterally end a tenancy in one of two ways:

1. The landlord includes a "must vacate clause" in their residential tenancy agreement requiring the tenant to vacate the rental unit at the end of the fixed term for the purpose of the landlord or their "close family member" occupying the rental property; or
2. The landlord issues a 3 Month Notice to End Tenancy from the Residential Tenancy Branch on the basis that the landlord or their "close family member" intends to occupy the rental property in good faith. The effective date of the 3 Month Notice must not be before the end of the fixed term in a fixed term tenancy agreement.

Read the full article by Lisa Mackie with Alexander Holburn Beaudin + Lang LLP.

Beware the Common Law Building Scheme: The Supreme Court of British Columbia 
Broadens its Considerations for Cancelling a Charge under the Property Law Act
Once a tool of orderly development usually used in the absence of municipal zoning, historical common law building schemes and restrictive covenants now sit quietly on many property titles across British Columbia.  Despite the fact their practical benefit expired long ago, these building schemes and restrictive covenants remain potentially enforceable and effectively stall or even block further development or changes on properties against which they are registered.  In a province facing urgent housing needs, these historical charges can effectively freeze entire neighbourhoods in the character of a bygone period. That tension was central in the recent case of Smith v. Clearwater Park GP Inc. ("Clearwater"), where the Supreme Court of B.C. ordered the cancellation of a decades-old building scheme on the grounds that it no longer served its original purpose. Read the full article by Peter J. Roberts, KC and Jordan Hayward with Lawson Lundell.

Violence at Meetings

Dear Tony:

What happens when an owner is violent or abusive at our general meetings? Are we allowed to remove them from meetings? Many owners in our strata are now afraid to attend in-person meetings because of the threats and recent violence at our Special General Meeting. We sympathize with the frustrations of this owner because he cannot afford a much needed special levy, but the roofing in our Richmond complex is leaking, and there is no other option. At our annual meeting in May, he arrived drunk, was abusive to the manager at registration and then proceed to yell at the chair of the meeting and throw a chair at a wall. The meeting was motioned to terminate, at which point he left the meeting and we finished the balance of the business. We doubt we are not the only community addressing the rise in violence and aggression. – Jenna W.

Dear Jenna:

Yes, violence and aggression are definitely on the rise. Our staff assist, host or chair meetings for strata corporations every week, and high-tension situations with special levies or significant strata fee increases often fuel plenty of conflict. Everyone is feeling financial pressures and it is being directed towards council members, on site staff and strata managers.

Read the full article by Tony Gioventu on Condo Smarts, published by CHOA.

Aboriginal Title Affirmed in Cowichan Tribes v. Canada: Implications for 
Fee Simple Land Held in British Columbia
This historic decision from the Supreme Court of British Columbia affirms that the Cowichan Nation – including Cowichan Tribes, Stz'uminus, Penelakut, and Halalt – holds Aboriginal title to a portion of their lands known as Tl'uqtinus. Cowichan Tribes v. Canada (Attorney General), 2025 BCSC 1490 establishes that these lands, located along the south arm of the Fraser River, include submerged riverbed areas previously held by the Province. The Court also confirmed Cowichan's constitutionally protected right to fish this part of the river. This decision followed over 500 days of trial, one of the longest trials in Canadian history. The trial record included oral history, expert evidence, ethnographic reports, and thousands of historical documents. Many witnesses to the history and laws of Tl'uqtinus, including late Chief William Seymour Sr., Luschiim (Arvid Charlie), and Chief Pahalicktun (Richard Thomas), testified to Cowichan's continued presence and occupation. The Court found that the Province's grants of fee simple ownership over Tl'uqtinus, along with its vesting of soil and freehold in highways to the City of Richmond, were unjustified. Canada and Richmond's current fee simple titles in the Cowichan Title Lands are, with limited exceptions, legally invalid. Notably, sections 23 and 25 of the Land Title Act, which would typically protect the interests of registered owners, were found inapplicable to Cowichan title lands. Read the full article published by Miller Titerle + Company.